

Soil Moisture Controller Project Report
- Introduction
This project report details the development of an automated soil moisture controller designed for efficient irrigation management. The system leverages an ESP32 Wi-Fi module for its processing power and wireless connectivity, allowing for remote monitoring and data logging.
- System Components
- Hardware:
- ESP32 Wi-Fi Module
- 20×4 LCD (x2) – One for the master unit and one for the slave unit
- 5V Power Supply
- Soil Moisture Sensor
- Temperature & Humidity Sensor (DHT22)
- Water Pump
- PCB
- LEDs (x3)
- Software:
- Arduino IDE (or similar platform)
- System Functionality
- Soil Moisture Control:
- The soil moisture sensor continuously monitors soil moisture levels.
- If the level falls below 30% (adjustable threshold), the ESP32 activates the water pump for irrigation.
- Once the level reaches 85% (adjustable threshold), the pump automatically shuts off, preventing overwatering.
- Environmental Monitoring:
- The DHT22 sensor measures temperature and humidity.
- These values, along with the soil moisture level, are displayed on the master unit’s 20×4 LCD.
- Remote Monitoring:
- The ESP32 transmits sensor data (soil moisture, temperature, and humidity) to a slave unit connected to the same Wi-Fi network.
- The slave unit displays this data on its 20×4 LCD, enabling remote monitoring of plant conditions.
- Data Logging:
- Sensor data is logged with timestamps to three platforms: Google Sheets, ThingSpeak, and a Telegram channel.
- The master unit utilizes LEDs to indicate successful data logging on each platform.
- Configurable Data Transmission:
- The system allows setting the time interval for transmitting data to the chosen IoT platforms within a range of 5 to 60 seconds. This flexibility enables users to balance data transmission frequency with power consumption.
- System Design
- Hardware Design:
- Include a schematic diagram in the appendix depicting the connections between the ESP32, sensors, LCDs, water pump, and power supply.
- Briefly explain the functionality of each component and its connection to the ESP32.
- Software Design:
- Provide an overview of the program logic in the appendix. Explain how the code:
- Reads sensor data.
- Controls the water pump based on moisture thresholds.
- Displays information on the LCDs.
- Transmits data to the slave unit and cloud platforms.
- Manages data logging with timestamps according to the chosen time interval.
- Testing and Results
- Describe the testing procedures conducted to ensure the system functions as intended. This may include:
- Verifying accurate soil moisture measurement and corresponding pump control.
- Confirming accurate temperature and humidity readings.
- Testing successful data transmission and display on the slave unit.
- Validating data logging with timestamps on Google Sheets, ThingSpeak, and the Telegram channel.
- Conclusion
This project successfully developed an automated soil moisture controller offering several benefits:
- Water Conservation: By automatically watering based on soil moisture needs, this system helps conserve water and prevent overwatering.
- Improved Plant Health: Precise irrigation promotes optimal plant growth and health.
- Remote Monitoring: The slave unit and data logging features enable users to monitor plant conditions from any location.
- Future Improvements
- Mobile App Integration: Develop a mobile app for real-time data visualization and remote control of the irrigation system.
- Sensor Expansion: Integrate additional sensors (e.g., light sensor) for a more comprehensive environmental monitoring solution.
- Power Optimization: Explore techniques like low-power sleep modes to extend battery life for portable applications.
- Appendix
- Include the project code with clear comments for better understanding.
- Attach a bill of materials (BOM) listing all components and their estimated costs.
- Add any additional resources used during development (e.g., circuit diagrams, sensor datasheets).
This report provides a framework for documenting your soil moisture controller project. Fill in the specific details of your design, testing procedures, and results for a complete report.
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